The History of Physiognomy

A Leverhulme Trust International Network

Queen Mary University of London (London), Ecole Normale Supérieure (Paris), and Scuola Normale Superiore (Pisa)

 
 

 

 

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Participants

 

Malcolm Baker,University of California, Riverside
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Eniko Békés, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Literary Studies

Research: Humanism, Neo-Latin literature in Hungary and its connections with Italy;
works of Galeotto Marzio da Narni (c.1424-c.1494); relationship between physiognomical theories and the Antique and Renaissance portraiture.

Publications:
The Physiognomy of a Renaissance Ruler. Portraits and Descriptions of Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary (1458-1490), Saarbrücken, VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2009, 72p., ill. (description)

Current research project: The De doctrina promiscua of Galeotto Marzio and the self-representation of the Medici family.
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David Bindman, UCL
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Lina Bolzoni, Scuola Superiore Normale, Pisa
Personal website and website of the Centro Elaborazione Informatica di Testi e Immagini nella Tradizione Letteraria.
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Tommaso Casini, Università del Salento
Research interests: History of portrait and physiognomy
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Jean-Jacques Courtine, Professor of Anthropology, Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle (Paris III)
Research: History of Physiognomy, Face & Expression ; History of the Body; History of Monstrosity & Disabilities, XVI-XXth c. History of Masculinity (XXth c.).History of the body (19th-20th centuries).

Publications on physiognomy (or related): 

a. (2007 [1988]): Histoire du visage (Exprimer et taire ses émotions, du XVIème au début du XIXème siècles), with Cl. Haroche, Paris, Rivages/Histoire, 287 p. [1988 Psyche Prize for the History of Medecine & Psychiatry].
-        2nd & 3rd paperback editions, Paris, Payot ("Petite bibliothèque Payot-Histoire"), 1994, 2007.
-        Italian translation, Palermo, Sellerio Editore, 1992.
-        Portuguese translation (Portugal), Lisbon, Teorema, 1995.
-        Polish translation, Gdansk, Slowo/Obraz Terytoria, 2007.
-        Korean translation, Seoul, Dong Moon Sun,

forthcoming b. (2005-2006): Histoire du corps (XVI-XXème siècle), 3 vol., [generalco-editor; editor, vol. III: XXth c.], in collaboration with A. Corbin (Institut Universitaire de France) & G. Vigarello (Institut Universitaire deFrance & EHESS), Paris, Le Seuil (« L?Univers historique »), 1650 p.-       

- Portuguese translation (Portugal), Lisbon, Afrontamento, forthcoming.
-        Portuguese translation (Brazil), Rio de Janeiro, Vozes, 2007.
-        Spanish translation (Spain), Madrid, Taurus, 2005-2006.
-        Japanese translation,  Tokyo, Fujiwara, 2007-2008.
-        Korean translation, Séoul, Betsun/Ghil, 2007.
-        Chinese translation, Peking, East China Normal, 2007-8.
-        Turkish translation, Istambul, Yapi Kredi, 2008-2009.
-        Romanian  translation, Bucarest, Art Grup, 2008-2009.
-        Slovak translation, Bratislava, Agora, 2008-2009.
-        Polish translation, Gdansk, Slowo/Obraz Terytoria, 2009.

Current research project:   (scheduled for Fall 2010) : Histoire de la virilité (de l?Antiquité au XXIème siècle) / History of Manliness (From Antiquity to the XXIth Century, [general co-  editor ; editor : volume III, XXth Century], in collab. with Alain Corbin (Institut Universitaire deFrance) & Georges Vigarello (EHESS), 3 vol., Paris, Le Seuil (« L?univers historique »), c. 1800 p.
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Jean Dagen
(Université Paris-Sorbonne)
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Dr Thomas Dixon, Centre for the History of the Emotions, Queen Mary, University of London.
Centre website: http://www.qmul.ac.uk/emotions

Personal website: http://www.history.qmul.ac.uk/staff/dixont.html

Research and Publications: I have previously published on the history of theories of 'passions' and 'emotions' in theological, philosophical, scientific and medical contexts, especially in the nineteenth century. My new research project looks at Stoicism, public weeping, and Victorian regimes of emotional expression and control. Details of publications are available on my staff webpage.

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Mark Greengrass, Sheffield University
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Pascal Griener, Université de Neuchâtel
Research: History of the history of art, history of perception, history of collections, theory of art, XVI-XIXth centuries, european area. Books on Holbein, Winckelmann, Hancarville.
Website
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Martial Guédron, Professor of History of art, UFR Sciences Historiques/Université Marc Bloch, Strasbourg Cedex
Research: Martial Guédron’s research bears on the body as the ground of figurative representation and as an object of investigation toward which art, science, and morality never cease to direct their attention; see: De Chair et de marbre. Imiter et exprimer le nu en France (1745-1815) (Paris: H. Champion, 2003). He also studies the implications of physiognomical perception in artistic discourses in Peaux d’âmes. L’interprétation physiognomonique des oeuvres d’art (Paris: Kimé, 2001). His work in collaboration with Laurent Baridon on the aesthetic issues involved in physiognomic theories (Corps et arts. Physionomies et physiologies dans les arts visuels [Paris and Montréal: L’Harmattan, 1999]) led him to curate with Baridon an exhibition entitled Homme-Animal. Histoires d’un face à face at the Museums of Strasbourg in the Spring of 2004, as well as to coedit with him the accompanying catalogue. After a book on caricature (Paris, Mazenod, 2006), currently in preparation is a work on the distortions of the facial expression.
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Yves Hersant, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris
Research: Humanism, Renaissance, Melancholy. 
Website 
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Colin Jones, Department of History, Queen Mary, University of London
Personal website
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Dr. Anu Korhonen, Academy of Finland Research Fellow Renvall Institute, University of Helsinki
Research: Cultural history of the body and gender early modern beauty; history of laughter
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Nadeije Laneyrie-Dagen (Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris)
Personal website
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Frédéric Le Blay, Maître de Conférences en littérature et civilisation latines, Université de Nantes, Chemin de la Censive-du-Tertre, BP 81227, 44312 Nantes Cedex 03
Research: Ancient medicine and sciences, ancient philosophy (epicurism, Stoicism)

 

Benoîte Legeais, Université de Montréal & Université de Paris III-Sorbonne Nouvelle
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Anne Lepoittevin, Former Student of the Ecole Normale Supérieure - Centre d'études Supérieures de la Renaissance, AMN à l'Université François Rabelais, Tours
Research: Sacri Monti of Italy, Italian sculpture (Renaissance and Baroque), theological status of the sculptured representation
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Anne-Sophie Molinié, Université Paris Sorbonne (Paris IV)
Research: théorie et art du portrait, Italie, XVIe siècle / Giorgio Vasari et le portrait / Jugement dernier et résurrection des corps, dans les peintures et la prédication, Italie centrale et septentrionale, XVe-XVIe siècles
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Dr. Jennifer Montagu, The Warburg Institute (University of London)
                                                                
Research: I am not currently working on physiognomics. My thesis (written an age ago) was on Charles Le Brun's theory of expression, and I have always been more interested in pathognomics than physiognomics - but the two are closely related. I retain a residual interest in the subject(s).
Publications on Physiognomy (or related):
"The expression of the passions : the origin and influence of Charles Le Brun's "Conférence sur l'expression générale et particulière", New Haven & London, 1994
Current research project : A Roman 18th century silversmith

Contact details: The Warburg Institute, Woburn Square, London WC1A 0AB

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Colette Nativel, Paris 1-Panthéon-Sorbonne (CHAR)
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Vivian Nutton, Wellcome Centre for the History of Medicine, UCL 
Research: The history of medicine from Antiquity to the Renaissance
Website  
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Nicole Pellegrin, IHMC/CNRS-ENS, Paris
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Melissa Percival, Exeter University
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Martin Porter, Lyon
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Christina Posselt M A.
Project's website: http://ta.sandrart.net/

Research: "The portrait in Giorgio Vasari's Vite" (dissertation project):
Following my diploma, dealing with the portraits of Erasmus of Rotterdam, I am currently working in the field of portraiture in the context of art theory. Under the focus of Vasari’s Vite I am asking what role do portraits occupy in his evolutionary concept of art characterized by disegno. The connection of biography as portrait, the importance and problems of resemblance, authenticity and reliability of portraits, notions of their effect on the beholder and correlated poetic statements are just a few aspects of my research. Physiognomy appears in all these fields.

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Eugenio Refini, PhD Candidate, Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa, Department of Literature and Arts), Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7, 56100 Pisa – IT

Personal website: http://eugeniorefini.blogspot.com/
Research: Between physiognomony and rhetoric: the construction of character in the theatre of Giovan Battista Della Porta  
Theatre constitutes a privileged location for the encounter between physiognomony and rhetoric. In this regard, classical literary tradition provides invaluable evidence which allows us to evaluate with some precision the role played by physiognomic studies in the framework of theatrical productions in Antiquity. In the Renaissance, the works of GB Della Porta provide a particularly outstanding example of the links between physiognomony, rhetoric and theatre. Among the different domains of which he was master, his interest in physiognomony produced an intellectual short-circuit which involved rhetorical tradition and in particular theatre. In his treatise, De humana physioignomonia, Della Porta conjoined the aim of compiling a complete catalogue of human types with the need to document his statements with exempla drawn from literature, history or from the direct experience of everyday life. Among literary sources, allusions to classical theatre stand out, notably to Plautus’s comedies, which offer a very rich range of comic characters who share the distinctive traits with which physiognomony concerns itself. However, the role of theatre is not confined to this role of catalogue, and it can itself become an invaluable aide in physiognomical research. Della Porta was, as is widely known, the author of numerous theatrical writings and by reading his plays with an eye for characterisation we can understand the fertility of his physiognomic studies both in rhetoric and in literary writing. While respecting the specificity of theatrical genres, and without reducing the extraordinary richness of Della Porta’s comic writing to a simple catalogue of human types, the attempt to read the Neapolitan’s comedies with his physiognomonical competence firmly in mind highlights his complex rhetorical strategy. While he inherits the Aristotelian classification of mores, his writing aims to create memorable characters. Della Porta the playwright sought to confront the classical comic tradition. Yet imitation of this tradition – accompanied by acquired notions in the domains of physiognomony and mnemotechnics (in his Ars reminisciendi, we find very suggestive indications about the use of theatrical codes as a way of constructing imagines agentes) - ceases to be a simple means of representation and effectively becomes the instrument of rhetorical inventio

Publications on Physiognomy (or related):
“Prologhi figurati. Appunti sull’uso della prosopopea nel prologo teatrale del Cinquecento”, Italianistica. Rivista di Letteratura Italiana», 35 (2006), 3, p. 61-86.

Current research: Allegorical Personifications in Renaissance Drama.

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Dr Natasha Ruiz-Gómez, RCUK Fellow and Graduate Director, Department of Art History and Theory, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ
Personal website: http://www2.essex.ac.uk/arthistory/people/natasha.asp

Publications on physiognomy (or related): Natasha Ruiz-Gómez, ‘Essence and Evanescence in the Hands of Rodin’, Thresholds, 31 (May 2006): 102–109.

Description of research and current projects: My research examines the intersections of science and art in late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century France.  My current book manuscript  proposes a new reading of Auguste Rodin’s sculpture based on an examination of the science of the time, including the persistent role of physiognomy and the related study of regional types in reading individuals’ physical features for morality and intellect.  This study shows that Rodin’s oeuvre is clearly bound up with and indebted to the science of his day, revealing a heretofore unrecognized source of the sculptor’s inspiration and contributing a fresh interpretation of many of his most important works.  My publications include essays on Rodin’s sculpture, on his collection of photographs and on contemporary architecture.  In addition to my book on Rodin, my current research projects include a book-length study of the intersections of photography and science in late-nineteenth-century France.

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Professor George Rousseau, Oxford University

Personal website: http://www.history.ox.ac.uk/research/clusters/history_childhood/

Research: Professor Rousseau is an American cultural historian. He was educated at Amherst College and Princeton University where he obtained his doctorate. From 1966 to 1968 he was part of the English Faculty at Harvard University, before moving to a professorship at UCLA, and later to the Regius Chair of English at Aberdeen University in Aberdeen, Scotland. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. Since then he has been attached to the History Faculty at Oxford University in Oxford, England where he is a Co-Director of the Centre for the History of Childhood. Rousseau is a cultural historian who works in the interface of literature and medicine, and emphasizes the relevance of imaginative materials - literature, especially diaries and biography, art and architecture, music - for the public understanding of medicine, past and present. In 2007 he was awarded an honorary doctorate honoris causa by the University of Bucharest, Romania.

Publications: See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Rousseau
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Sebastien Schutze, Queen’s University, Kingston
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Jon Snyder, University of California, Santa Barbara
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Luke Syson, National Gallery

 

Dr. Sabine Vogt (Berlin), Editor for Classical and Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Walter de Gruyter Publishers, Berlin & New York. Academically affiliated to Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.
Research: Ancient physiognomy, ancient medicine.
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Caroline Warman, Jesus College, Oxford
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Shearer West, University of Birmingham and Arts and Humanities Research Council
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Professor Joseph Ziegler, Department of General History, University of Haifa

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Research: I am preparing a monograph on the rise of learned physiognomy 1200-1500. My research is based on the study of the main physiognomic manuals and the commentaries on Ps.-Aristotle's physiognomy. It targets the topic of physiognomy from the perspective of the History of Science. I am currently preparing a paper on biological explanations of virtuous behaviour and virtues in physiognomic texts.

Select publications:1. ‘Skin and Character in Medieval and Early Renaissance Physiognomy’, Micrologus, 13 (2005), 511-535.2. ‘Sexuality and the Sexual Organs in Latin Physiognomy 12001500’, Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History, Third Series, 2 (2005), 83-108.3. 'Philosophers and Physicians on the Scientific Validity of Latin Physiognomy, 1200-1500', Early Science and Medicine 12 (2007), 285-312.4   ‘The Beginning of Medieval Physiognomy: The Case of Michael Scotus‘, in Kulturtransfer und Hofgesellschaft im Mittelalter: Wissenskultur am sizilianischen und kastilianischen Hof im 13. Jahrhundert, ed. Gundula Grebner and Johannes Fried (=Wissenskultur und gesellschaftlicher Wandel, vol. 15) (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2008), pp. 299-319.5. 'Hérédité et physiognomonie', in L’ hérédité entre Moyen Âge et Époque moderne: Perspectives historiques, ed. Maaike van der Lugt and Charles de Miramon (Florence: Sismel, 2008), pp. 245-272. 6. 'Physiognomy, Science, and Proto-Racist Thought 1200-1500', in The Origins of Racism in the West, ed. M. Eliav-Feldon, B. Isaac, J. Ziegler (Cambridge: CUP, 2009), pp. 181-199.7. 'Measuring the Human Body in Medieval and Renaissance Physiognomy' Micrologus [La mesure] (forthcoming)
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